What Is The Conceptual Frameworks Of Both Philosophical...

In philosophical jurisprudence, legal positivism has made a niche for itself in defining itself in opposition to a somewhat straight-laced reading of natural law theory. Often the comparison is based solely on an exceedingly strong and doctrinal interpretation of the two competing models. In this paper I will examine and distinguish the conceptual frameworks of both philosophical positions, detailing the â€Å"strong† and â€Å"weak† theses of natural law ; while in turn also examining the implications of â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† legal positivism. The finer distinctions between these more tailored or qualified theses need to be recognized in order to provoke a better understanding of the disagreement from a conceptual perspective. Natural Law – â€Å"Lex†¦show more content†¦In an ancient, modern, and contemporary context, natural law has been identified in not only with morality but also with the human ability to employ reason and to identify principles of rational conduct. Rational conduct, by ancient thinkers was more often identified by what is â€Å"Good† (be that in terms of divine eternal truths, or empirical notions of naturalistic perfection or completion) whereas more modern variant of natural law may identify a rational principle based on other considerations such as not only what is good, but what right, just, fair, reasonable or practical. Mark Murphy credits Thomas Aquinas with the natural law maxim â€Å"necessarily, law is a rational standard for conduct† (i.e. the strong thesis – hard necessity). He argues that natural law is often falsely recognized to be synonymous with a Latin maxim commonly associate with Cicero, St. Augustine, or Thomas Aquinas is ‘lex iniusta non est lex’, or ‘unjust law is not law’. Subscribing to this maxim would be a preposterous and gross interpretation of mainstream Thomist natural law. Although this phrase may provoke reflection upon whether unjust laws ought to be considered valid, or truly law; this is just an oversimplified version of the logical principle of non-contradiction and often incorrectly attributed to natural law, in the form of a straw man. There are obviously unjust laws that were spotted throughout present time, country, and history. These laws may undoubtedly be considered as

Homosexual Lifestyle Is Extremely Harmful - 1094 Words

Homosexual lifestyle is extremely harmful A question many people have is, what harm is it to allow same-sex couples the same benefits married heterosexual couples have? Or what harm is there in allowing gays to fill authoritative positions in society who act as role models for our children? The answer is that it is extremely harmful to our children and society as a whole. If our children have role models who are gay, they will think being gay is something that is acceptable by society. It has become a trend to call it an alternative lifestyle or ones sexual orientation. Others refer to it as a gay lifestyle, according to an article by Farjm Majd, The Homosexual Relationship. Gay activists are trying to take the focus off†¦show more content†¦Here are a few people we have allowed to fill authoritative positions in our society and act as role models for our children: Achilles, Alexander the Great, Aristotle, Francis Bacon, Ludwig van Beethoven, Aaron Copeland, Leonardo da Vinci, Julius Caesar, Michelangelo, John Milton, Plato, Sappho, Shakespeare, Tchaikovsky, Tolstoy and Voltaire - it could be argued that our society was invented by gay people. Whether Western society is a good thing remains to be seen, I guess, but its what we have to work with, and I think the best direction is forward: tolerance, acceptance, diversity of opinion and of belief, and the courage to accord justice to all people, regardless of the color of their skin, their religion (or lack thereof) or their sexual preference. Do we want to turn back the clock and change our constitution in the direction of intolerance and bigotry? I guess well find out. Learn the difference between sex, lifestyle Letter to the editor John Mielkes diatribe against the homosexual lifestyle (Sundays Juneau Empire) would be funny if it wasnt so ignorant. He needs to be a little more careful in his choice of words. One definition of lifestyle is the way a person lives, including patterns of social relations, consumption, entertainment, dress, attitudes, values or worldview. I guess he isShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Position Paper992 Words   |  4 PagesPosition Paper: Should Gay Marriage be Legalized? In America, marriage has been traditionally defined as a legally recognized commitment between a man and a woman as their ultimate expression of love. 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Although lesbian activity is presented throughout, only women with this body type are presented in a highly sexualized male gaze viewpoint. (TrierBieniek) The sexual relations presented display an â€Å"objectifying, exploitative portrayal of lesbianRead MoreThe Safe Schools Coalition Is A Nationwide Program960 Words   |   4 Pagespromotes a safe learning environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) students throughout schools in Australia. The program aims to provide schools with the resources and practical ideas to change the attitude towards homosexual, intersex and gender diverse students. The article, â€Å"We must celebrate gender and sexual diversity in our schools†, published by The Conversation in 2016, written by Lucy Nicholas argues that the Safe School’s Coalition is out of touch with theRead MoreThe Effects Of Abstinence Based Programs On Actual Behavior Outcomes Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pagesrhetoric within many of the states’ requirements. When researching arguments supporting the removal of homosexuality from sex education curriculum, two main points became clear. The first common argument was preventing the ‘indoctrination to the homosexual lifestyle’ (Janofsky, 2005), arguing teaching about various sexualities would be promoting homosexuality. This reasoning often coincided with public health concern regarding LGBT sex. Additionally, many stated that teaching about LGBT sexuality wouldRead MoreSame Sex Marriage - Implication to Moral Values3246 Words   |  13 Pageshome and family environment to grow in. One common concern of people against legalized gay marriage is also the educational aspect of it. If our children are taught from the beginning that there is no difference between heterosexual marriage and homosexual marriage, couldn’t that confuse them? Not according to Professor Michael King of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (2007): â€Å"It would appear that sexual orientation is biological in nature, determined by a complex interplay of genetic factors and

Role of Insurnce in development and growth of economy Free Essays

Economists have demonstrated that economic growth and insurance development are interdependent nd that a world without insurance would be much less developed and much less stable. How Insurance Sector promotes Economic Development Insurance including insurance brokers promote economic development through various channels: Insurance reduces the waste of country and brings a market confidence. Insurance reduces the capital firms need to operate. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Insurnce in development and growth of economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Insurance fosters Investment and innovation by creating an environment of greater certainty. Insurers are solid partners for the development of a workable supplementary system of social protection, In particular In the field of retirement and health provision. As institutional investors, insurers contribute to the modernisation of financial markets and facilitate firms’ access to capital. Insurance promotes sensible risk-management measures through the price mechanism and other methods and contributes to responsible and sustainable economic development. Insurance fosters stable consumption throughout the consumers life. It will be more worth to describe that there are three (3) important pillars of any economy that provide and facilitate an economy with immense contribution like employment opportunities, major tax contributions and growth In GDP. However there are also other areas which will be worth appreciated by mentioning here but it will deviate us from our prime objective of explaining role of Insurance broking sectors. However, the three (3) Important pillars are Banks, Joint Stock Companies and Insurance companies. Moreover, In a global economy characterised by rapid social and demographic change and by the emergence of new risks (e. g. by climate change or technological developments) and new needs (health care, pensions), cooperation between private insurance and public institutions is essential. This cooperation can ring benefits in many fields, for example, health of the working population, accident prevention, compensation for agricultural risks, international trade (export credit insurance), etc. How Insurance sector fosters Economic Growth The insurance industry promotes economic growth and structural development through the following channels: Providing broader insurance coverage directly to firms, Improving their financial soundness. Fostering entrepreneurial attitudes, encouraging Investment, Innovation, market dynamism and competition. Offering social protection alongside the state, releasing pressure on public sector finance. Enhancing financial intermediation, creating liquidity and mobilizing savings. As channel them towards investment opportunities, facilitating companies’ access to capital. Promoting sensible risk management by households and firms, contributing to sustainable and responsible development. Fostering stable consumption throughout life. Conclusion The role at Macro level: (1) To secure economic stability. (2) To safeguard economic and fiscal sustainability. (3) To promote a growth- and employment-orientated and efficient allocation of resources. How to cite Role of Insurnce in development and growth of economy, Papers

The Functions That Have Been Raised In Reviewing the Financial

Question: Discuss About The Functions That Have Been Raised In Reviewing The Financial? Answer: Introducation: The Presidential Elections of United States has been one of the phenomenal and controversial events of the year 2016. The aspirations, political involvement, propagandas and the elected candidates created a significant hullabaloo, which invariably had great impacts all over the economy. The candidate preferred by the Republican deemed on the nature of the business acumen and compatibility, which he can effectively utilize in his political career, which have been meet with several criticism. In fact, following the historical line of the Presidents who have been in power involves the likes of businesspersons like Mitt Romney, CEO of Bain Capital, Jimmy Carter etc. According to Fuchs (2017 pp.1-72), two of of the most successful and significant names entails the father and the son duo who have been a remarkable part in the history of American politics. George H. W. Bush, the founder of Bush Overbey Oil Development Company followed by the predecessor, George W. Bush who was co-founder of an oil enterprise Arbusto and the owner of Texas Rangers. As opined by Wittcover (2014), considering the reason of the argument, which has been raised in this essay as the relevancy of the business, a number of studies have supported executives in the role of the politician. Therefore, in regards to the current elected president, Donald Trump there has been several judgments and analysis, which shall be discussed in the essay. On a contemporary note, Meg Whitman, the CEO of E-bay, Carly Fiorina, co-founder of Hewlett-Packard, have proposed for this turn of their roles with a holistic approach for the welfare of the society and empowerment. The facts in the studies have stated that there have been very few business executives who have successfully being able to pull of the huge responsibility of managing and administering an economy. According to a poll conducted by the American Political Science Association, an institution which studies the discipline of political science have revealed the result that only one candidate appropriately carried out his function as the head of the state in spite of being a successful businessman (Shearer 2014 p.53). A survey was conducted including 162 members of the Presidency, which has revealed the witness of entrepreneurial accomplishment in politics (Servan-Schreiber 2014). In order to contribute to this analysis the research conducted by the Sienna College Research Institute also reviews and analyzes the views on several statistics, which have been involved with the establishment of the business executives into politics on 20 different areas. In fact the University for Virginia Centr e for Politics which have been involved with the studies on this subject matter which has aided in declaring the result which states that only 27 successful businessman have been able to accomplish their goal while being vested with the power for the greater good and administration of a federal. In the words of Hoff and Park (2017), the involvement of business executives at power with the politic and the economic agendas of the country have not gone down well within the perspectives of the authority. Donald Trump has relatively been a strategic businessperson who has been involved with comprehending and analyzing the market situation and statistics but providing for the welfare of one of the largest economy is not limited to market predictions. From the perspective of a business executive, it does not cover all the aspects of the administrations and management of a nation apart from meeting the requirements of the financial and operational outlook in case of an organization (TheHill 2017). The perception of the entrepreneurs in administering a nation is limited to profit oriented approach rather than the overlooking the long-term scenario. In spite of the fact that business involves the integration of the human as well as infrastructural resource, the aesthetics and orientat ion is starkly different for the two processes. In fact, the proper utilization of resources in any business organization differs from that of supervising the economic and social regulations of a country, which depends on several factors. Moreover, in the words of Drucker (2014), there have been several instances, which provide the state of emergency that determines the emotional quotient and managing capability of an individual regardless of their profession. There have been several debates about the successful act of the executive in the role of a politician or for that mater the president of the country. It has essentially been proved from the former President, Barrack Obama of USA under whose presidential-ship there has been significant and remarkable progress in all the respective fields. According to the views of Hoff and Park (2014), the congruency of power and responsibility is one of the premium constituent of a great leader. A great leader exhibits the specific qualities of not limiting their outlook and objective rather the ability should be accessible across the entire important and necessary field during the period of governance. As stated by Prashad (2016), in the words of Donald Trump One of the key problems today is that politics is such a disgrace which is incongruent with his current position as the pioneer of the federation and political association in USA. He further added that, good people do not venture into politics ascertaining the fact that his entry into the governance of USA is more a business driven attitude rather than any political and social considerations. The multidisciplinary approach in governance and federal politics is an immense arena that looks into the bigger picture. Assuring the development of the economy along with the persuasion and winning power of the candidate involves a huge responsibility, which entails both radical and physiological capacities. As stated by Breen (2016), in a globalized scenario though business men are influential people who contribute to the capital incurring and expenses of the organization which is comparatively a huge benefactor in their case, the role of administering a nation becomes difficult. Often in the power of being, a head of state involves several decisions, which has greater impact on the social, culture, ethnic, and several other integral factors, therefore it must be in coordination with the holistic practices of good governance. According to Rollert (2017), the nature of pragmatism is central to the functions and behavior of an executive, which is not always applicable in the case of administering a nation. This can be cited as a valid reason for the arguments set by his supporters or the fact that Trump has assured the acknowledgement that has been set by the his expertise on business analysis. Often while running of the electoral candidate there are motivations of influence and impressions rather than any capacities of resourcing funds for any specific reason therefore, the arguments can also be set forth and analyzed by juxtaposing with the views and the concerns of the essay (Philips 2014). The policy of diversity, cultural and social integration and developmental factors are crucial parts of an economy, which cannot be predicted or quantified unlike financial statement, therefore, the person responsible as the head of the state should be able to comprehend and allocate the best of the decisions in a sus tainable manner. The political campaigns are measures to reach out to the citizens of the economy while taking care of all the aspects of the social system, which is adversely contrasting to the functions that are allotted to a businessperson or an executive of a management. Moreover the criticism according to Manhiem (2014), have been enhanced due to the witness of several failures of businessmen like Jimmy Carter, Hoover, Paul ONeil etc. In fact the perspective of handling and managing a private profit oriented concern cannot establish the similar approaches and models for a public welfare structure which involves international and greater risk and loss rather than just loss of economy. This is essentially one of the primary arguments, which can be posed for the statement of Trump, which asserts his remarkable ability of judgment, and supervision that will allow him to efficiently lead on a country (Hutchins 2017). According to White (2017), the monolithic nature of job in the Oval Office is the primary realization and challenge for the individual, therefore the approaches of competition and market qualification must be dogged for acquiring the best skills suitable for the environment. Considering the instance of the political aspect, which has been drawn in regards to the election of Trump, as businessperson settled in USA there, are several criticism and controversies, which have emerged from it. There are a number of involvements while governing a nation which involves creating employment, providing relief fund, allotting resource to the ergonomic development and formulating policies and managerial decisions on which runs a nation apparently, appropriating resourcing etc have can be associated with a person having a balancing competence and power of responsibility (Davenport 2017). The comfortable scenario, which is applicable in case of a professional politician, may not seem to be feasible for any renowned business executive. In order to understand the dynamics and constituents of administration it is necessary experience and analyze all the majorly factors. The functions that have been raised in reviewing the financial, economic and business prospects have been associated as a part of the whole structure rather than the central force, which determines the following process. (Thomson, Royed and Naurin 2014).The interdependence and correlation of the business success does not hold true in all cases of the respective cases of governance of one of the established economy of the world. The view can be concluded on the note, which states against the view of businesspersons as the unsuitable choice for holding powers at the Oval Office contrary to the present scenario of USA. Reference Breen, T.H., 2016.George Washington's Journey: The President Forges a New Nation. Simon and Schuster. Davenport, D. (2017). Forbes Welcome. Drucker, P., 2014.Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Ficchman, A. (2017). President Trump Needs to Lead Like the Businessman He Promised He Is. Fuchs, C., 2017. Donald Trump: A Critical Theory-Perspective on Authoritarian Capitalism.tripleC: Communication, Capitalism Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society,15(1), pp.1-72. Hoff, T.H. and Park, R.W., 2016.Aging public policy: Bonding the generations. Routledge. Hutchins, A. (2017). Politician vs. Businessman in the U.S. debate - Macleans.ca. Manheim, F.T., 2015. Underestimated Strategies Beneath Candidate Donald Trumps Presidential Campaign. Phillips, K., 2014.William McKinley: The American Presidents Series: The 25th President, 1897-1901. Times Books. Pierre, J. ed., 2016.Partnerships in urban governance: European and American experiences. Springer. Prashad, V., 2016. Trump: Stoking a fire: Letter from America.Guardian (Sydney), (1736), p.8. Rollert, J. (2017). Presidents Aren't CEOs. [online] The Atlantic. Servan-Schreiber, J.J., 2014.The American Challenge. Versilio. Shearer, D., 2014. To Play Ball, Not Make War: Sports, Diplowmacy and Soft Power.Harvard International Review,36(1), p.53. TheHill. (2017). Businessmen, including Donald Trump, make bad presidents. Thomson, R., Royed, T. and Naurin, E., 2014. Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Trefousse, H., 2014.Rutherford B. Hayes: The American Presidents Series: The 19th President, 1877-1881. Times Books. Witcover, J., 2014.No way to pick a president: How money and hired guns have debased American elections. Routledge.

Happy hour Casa Dracula Review Essay Example

Happy hour Casa Dracula Review Paper Essay on Happy hour Casa Dracula Write reviews for such books is not easy, because, a priori, the whole idea is absurd, drizzled with rose syrup and spicy seasoning. When I started reading this little book, I thought thatll blow it in his review to the nines. However, somewhere in the middle of the book, I realized that even begins to penetrate a certain sympathy for the main character, in spite of all her giddiness, light behavior and lack of tangible advantages * sexuality and biological endurance are not considered *. So, what I mean as the chief specialist of the absurd, I present to you this book with all the pluses and minuses. And the rest is up to you, The heroine of this book -. Latina with a ridiculous, in her opinion, the name Milagro De Los Santos (ie the Miracle of the Holy) * Here I am reminded of the Milagros Wild Angel *, lush buffers and buttocks * Simple, but so it is written in the book *, as well as the gift of healing . eeee in short, it is the same, better than any of mineral waters and health resorts restore reproductive function in women. But this, of course, an incomplete list of her skills and merits. She also is merciful and reliability as the Cape of Good Hope any sufferer can hold out for its prominent part * forgive Hospade H_h why I come across a book with these heroines? O_O *. We will write a custom essay sample on Happy hour Casa Dracula Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Happy hour Casa Dracula Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Happy hour Casa Dracula Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With the heroine finish, and I will say further about the book as a whole. The cover emblazoned inscription Bridget Joness Diary + Sex and the City, but with a spicy taste of blood. You know what? For the first time I would say that they do not lie at least Sex and the City I have not read, but I can spend a lot of parallels with the shame of Britain said Bridget. Yes heroine also found ridiculous in his behavior, it pulls to the former villain, but on the horizon, intelligent and serious man, but whos engaged. And there has not been without the taste of blood there is such a cocktail of perversion as blood diluted with water and flavored with mint With regard to the concept of vampirism in this book -Many here remains a mystery, others serve it as a genetic disease from. which ordinary people die, more daring proudly call themselves vampires and participate in orgies. In short it is not clear. But they have the ability to regenerate and difficulties with reproduction. But our heroine, even biting -. All out of the ordinary In general, the book is no single experience. Written with pretensions to humor, the adventures of the heroine as always ambitious and far-fetched, but we did nothing else waiting? But the book itself -proof that the vampire theme has already reached the glamor of literature (although the book was written in 2006, where, as we published in 2008), a kind of chick-lits * I still find it difficult to understand some of the words of the term occurred -. chicken (Chick) or is it a girl (the Italian root) * In conclusion, I would like to bring a few pearls (citations) from this book * if you are not interested, then you can not read *. I carefully selected the them, by the way, to the praise of the book, I can say that even learned a few new words to replenish zapasa- vocabulary such as pica, pyusovy and frontispiece. Here quote: my mouth was so disgusting that I licked armpits homeless I reported the chill and heat, fatigue, weight loss, vision changes and emptiness. similar to the one that occurs while viewing the Danish films, where for two hours only characters smoke and complain about life There reigned the smell of faeces, clearly comes from animals and n e nasty Still, I was pleased with abbreviations such as PU - a prestigious university * In my opinion there is only the letter T in the middle is missing *, CACA The Coalition of Americans for the preservation of America ( I did not understand what that means), and B / C -Reduce the name of one of the characters Beckett-Witherspoon * do not like? . *) It should also pay attention to the names of principal they were often out of place, but played up the names of well-known literary works, and catch phrase One Hundred Years odioznichestva, incredible ease of stupidity, Sense and insensitivity, etc. .d.

Gatsby Essays - The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby

Gatsby Essays - The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby Gatsby Then wear the gold hat, if that will move her; If you can bounce high, bounce for her too, Till she cry Lover, gold-hatted, high-bouncing lover, I must have you! Thomas Parke D'Invilliers Jay Gatsby went through most of his life striving for a new beginning, a chance to start over and succeed. He forced that aspect of life, into his own, by changing his identity. He was James Gatz a man who's unknown soul was left to linger in the past. Now he is Jay Gatsby. Gatsby does not realize that life can be difficult. You can not just move on and pretend that the past never happened. If you do not face the real and original you, you will never find success or happiness in the way you wish to live your present life. All through Gatsby's life he looked to the green light on the dock across the bay for hope and reassurance. He needed to know that his dream was still as bright as it was the day he met Daisy. Gatsby lived for an American dream. The truth was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God - a phrase which, if it means anything, means just that. (Pg.104) Gatsby created himself to be his own hero, through the eyes of a seventeen year old boy. He began to wear that gold hat and rise in society with money, friends, and a love life he dreamed of returning. You see I usually find myself among strangers because I drift here and there trying to forget the sad thing that happened to me. (Pg.71-72) Gatsby smothered himself in popularity to try and block out the memory of the man he was before his change. He has been grieving for a love that he lost when drafted to the war. His only hope left is a green light across the bay which seems to shine through the unhappiness in Gatsby's life. Daisy, as pure and sweet as the flower itself, is the only thing left that is needed for him to complete his dream. He wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say, I never loved you. (Pg.116) We know that Gatsby is asking for to much of Daisy, he knows it too. Can't repeat the past? Why of coarse you can! I'm going to fix everything just the way it was before. (Pg.116-117) There is no convincing Gatsby, he truly believes he can go back to what once was. No one is ever able to relive something that happened so long ago. The past is behind you now, you must look straight ahead and see what is in your future. Gatsby did not want to look ahead he liked looking back better. Looking back into the past meant happiness, and looking forward meant confusion and sadness. Gatsby had worked so hard to fit Daisy's standards for a husband. He believed he was now a man who fit these standards. He was still the same man she fell in love with years ago, but he was now a wealthy man. Gatsby new deep down inside that the past could never be repeated. You can never return to something that was wonderful, and have it be the same. He himself would never say the words because he did not want to believe that he dreamt an impossible dream. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no matter-tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther.... And one fine morning (Pg.189) This green light of Gatsby's was an unknown part of the world to others. Nick knew it was something special to Gatsby. The special thing was the unknown. The green light which seemed so far away to begin with was now so close and so real. It was so close and real that he could almost reach out and touch it. Gatsby dies with out knowing if Daisy had fallen in love with him again. Was the time, effort, and money Gatsby put into himself and his surroundings worth

Network and Protocol Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Network and Protocol Processes - Essay Example The DNS server is part of the network configuration of my host. The DNS server returns the IP address 212.183.133.187 (Byrnes, 2000). Now my laptop has enough information needed i.e. IP address 212.183.133.187and the HTTP webserver port 80; it can establish a TCP connection to the X-Stream webserver.The DNS server is part of the network configuration of my host. The DNS server returns the IP address 212.183.133.187 (Byrnes, 2000). Now my laptop has enough information needed i.e. IP address 212.183.133.187and the HTTP webserver port 80; it can establish a TCP connection to the X-Stream webserver.2. Requesting a TCP connection by X-Stream webserver to port 80 at IP address 212.183.133.187 (Transport Layer)The data received from the HTTP request (From Application Layer) is divided into several packets. These data packets include:a) My laptop’s IP address which has been delivered by my DNS server and determined as 212.183.133.187b) Port number: the default port number of the HTTP request is 80 and can be 443 if I make secure connection https://x-stream.leedsmet.ac.uk or if the X-Stream network requires a secure connection at the time I am making a request.  c) Acknowledgement number: This specifies the next sequence of figures that are expected by my laptop which sends the segment. TCP shows that this field is active by setting the acknowledgement number bit that is usually set after the establishment of the connection.d) Reserved bits: This are reserved for future use and are therefore sent to zeroe) Data offset: These are four bits that specify the number of the 32 bit word which defines the TCP header.f) Checksum (16 bits): Checksum is used for error control that covers the data fields and header. It also covers a pseudo-header; and includes destination and source addresses, the segment length and the protocol. This information is then forwarded together with the segment in order to IP to protect TCP from faulty routing of segments. The segment lengthâ €™s value includes the TCP header and data (Comer, 1999).g) Control bits.  My laptop (TCP Client) requests the Internet protocol to deliver an IP datagram with connection request to destination 212.183.133.187.

Organisational analysis and behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organisational analysis and behaviour - Essay Example (Jack, n.d) WATER FALL INCIDENT Every day there are number of workers injured and killed on the job but yet only some of these occurrences are attracted towards the public domain. One of the classic case studies of an OHS disaster is the waterfall incident that took place in 2003; it was one of the most tragic accidents in Australian railway history. There was a fatal derailment at waterfall which resulted in loss of many innocent lives. The ministry of transport had initiated an investigation to determine the circumstance relating to the accident and recommend some preventive and corrective action. The investigations were examined and checked in the following areas such as Infrastructure, Human factors, Rolling stock, Post accident tools and response. (Kent and Graham, 2004) The initial investigation established that there was a high possibility the driver was injured after departing from the waterfall station. The train was unattended and as a result overturned at a high speed and collided with the stanchions. Both the controls dead man system and the guard failed to work in favor in controlling the collision. The team investigated and found out that the train’s inadequate safety measures had resulted in the collision. The safety management system had identified that the railway authorities had developed ineffective rail safety regimes and management deficiencies. (Kent and Graham, 2004) The incident was also published in Sydney Morning Herald outlining ineffective safety measures. The Railway authorities also mentioned that number of improvements such as stringent medical testing, installation of back up emergency braking system would be activated. (Sydney Morning Herald, 2004) Analysis of the issue: The safety management system had identified many loopholes in the safety measures. The investigation revealed that the medical standards and medical emergency units not updated. It was also noted that the railway systems had an under developed, ineffectiv e safety mechanisms that had caused catastrophic damage and death of people. No vigilance control mechanism, hardware devices or proper guard in place to detect the speed of the train. There was also no proper training and instructions provided to these guards. State rail had important elements missing to ensure running of a safe railway which includes safety engineering, change of management and in design and development of robust controls. The railway authorities also had a very poorly constructed review mechanism on audit, investigation and follow up. There were inadequate competent resources that could develop an efficient safety instruments and methods. The dead man system did not detect the collapse of the driver and had major deficiencies in the fundamental design. Investigations also revealed that the state railway authorities were ineffective and not fully co-operative. The management was also poorly defined and there was no budget that was allocated to improving the train safety. (Kent and Graham, 2004) The case study on the waterfall accident had outlined the importance of safety measures. The inquiries and the investigations concluded that the state rail had deficient safety mechanisms in place. The investigation also highlighted the importance of having good intergrated safety systems, documentation process, proactive and preventive approach to risk and accidents and the need for expertise

History of the Rockettes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of the Rockettes - Research Paper Example The Rockettes have a long history that spans several decades. Most people who enter the Radio City Music Hall may not know that the Rockettes were a group that was formed in 1925 in St. Louis, Missouri by Russell Markert. Markert originally called the group, â€Å"The Missouri Rockets† (The Radio City Rockettes). Markert decided to create this group after he saw the John Tiller Girls who were a part of the Ziegfeld Follies in 1922. Markert thought that he would be able to put together a group comprised of leggy women who could do â€Å"complicated tap routines† and â€Å"eye-high kicks† that in his words, would â€Å"knock your socks off† (The Radio City Rockettes). Eventually, the Missouri Rockets were moved to New York to perform at the Roxy Theater, then owned by S.L. â€Å"Roxy† Rothafel, who was the theater impresario. The Missouri Rockets performed in a program at that time called Rain or Shine. There were actually three different groups of women who comprised the Missouri Rockets until Rothafel, so imp ressed by the women, pulled them all together and renamed them the Roxyettes. In 1932, the Radio City Music Hall had its opening night and the Roxyettes performed for the first time on this stage; since then, there have been hundreds of performances and they have become famous. During this opening night, they were part of 17 groups who performed including such performers as the Flying Wallendas, Ray Bolger and Martha Graham (The Radio City Rockettes). In 1934, the group was â€Å"streamlined† and the Rockettes were born. In the early years of the Rockettes all girls were white and their height had to be between 5’6† tall and 5’10† to 5’10  ½Ã¢â‚¬  tall. In 1985, Setseko Maruhashi became the first Asian (Japan-born) Rockette and in 1988, Jennifer Jones became the first African-American. For many years, there was controversy about hiring African-Americans because it was felt that they would â€Å"distract from the consistent

Celebrities And Human Obsessions Media Essay

Celebrities And Human Obsessions Media Essay Have you ever had favorite superstars as idols in mind that you dream to become just like them? The more we visualize ourselves as a celebrity, the more obsessions we have. We all enjoy hearing the latest celebrity gossip from time to time. Who doesnt enjoy hearing about the hottest celebrity wedding of the year or the worst celebrity makeover? What do you think about these topics on the news headlines? Jessica Lowndes wears a see-through dress. For Jakey, probably., Sparkles wants to start a family. Awà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, Pillow-fight! Hailee Steinfeld, etc play around in Vogue (The Gossip Wire). Media has been following a lot of celebrity actions and spread it in the public. The causes of having too much media attention towards celebrities could lead to negative effects of being bad examples for audiences, wasting peoples times, and interfering with celebritys privacy, and lead to positive effects of giving people an opportunity to be famous, providing benefits for media organizations, and being good examples for audiences. Have you ever wondered why people are so into celebrities? Have you ever thought of why it is that we spend our times studying celebrities bibliography and possibly their every action? According to Jake Halpern, the author of the book, Fame Junkies: The Hidden Truths Behind Americas Favorite Addiction. Kids see fame as a cure-all for problems, he said (Gilsdorf, The Christian Science Monitor). Secondly, it is because celebrities are always there wherever people go, on Television, newspaper, magazines on sidewalks, or even posters in restrooms. According to Star Struck New Internationalist, Celebrity worship syndrome (CWS) is an obsessive-addictive disorder in which a person becomes overly involved with the details of a celebritys personal life. Celebrities worship syndrome is consisted of three types. Entertainment-social is when people are attracted to their stars for entertainment, such as I like watching and hearing about my favorite celebrity when I am with a large group of peopl e. Intense-personal is when fans feel attracted to celebrities with an deep feeling or bonds themselves to stars such as When something bad happens to my favorite celebrity I feel like it happened to me , and borderline-pathological, which is when fans mix fantasies with realities and lead to an uncontrollable behavior such as I have frequent thoughts about my favorite celebrity, even when I dont want to (Maltby, 1157-1172). First of all, too much media attention on celebrities could give bad examples for audiences. Not all celebrities act and behave appropriately despite of them being observed by the media therefore it is then possible that celebrity fans, especially kids who do not have much life experiences would absorb and follow those inappropriate actions and behaviors. For instance, partying is one of the very well known lifestyle that celebrities have. Paris Hilton a very popular celebrity that almost everyone would notice the name, not only because of her works, but also because of her personality and social behavior. Apart from the partying lifestyle, celebrities are also easily exposed to drugs. Some use drugs to help them maintain their work efficiency, to gain fame, or even to stay in shape. Also, celebrities generally possess a great amount of financial resources to support their will just to purchase anything they would like. According to Daily Mail Reporter, Britney Spears spends  £11,000 monthly to stay in shape and look good, including the costs for nutrition, personal trainer, and a private dance choreographer (Daily Mail Reporter, Mail Online). Moreover, the incident when Michael Jackson committed suicide led to twelve deaths of his fans who died from committing suicide following their favorite star. According to The Sun News, one of Michael Jacksons fans named Pà ¡vel Talalà ¡yev was found and rescued from his attempt to commit suicide several hours after the news of Michael Jackson committing suicide broke out. One of the ambulance men said: He was in a terrible state and kept on saying: Its all the same to me. Im going to kill myself. Its the worst tragedy of my life and I dont want to live any more. I dont know why you saved my life, I want to be with him. (Soodin, The Sun) These inappropriate behaviors could then mislead her fans toward downward paths of living. Having celebrity worship syndrome could lead to unhealthy and unsteady mindsets. Celebrities are considered to live in a world that very few can hope to emulate. This then sometimes drives celebrity worshipping kids to feel like their own individual personalities are worthless because these kids could potentially form and develop unrealistic expectations in their minds about becoming a celebrity. Additionally, there are celebrities who became popular without using much of a specific requirement in recent days. However, these kids often realize the very unlikely possibility once they mature and finally cause them become to be lost and unhappy. Secondly, another negative effect is that people waste too much times once media gives out too much attention to celebrities. When media focuses too much on the celebrity headlines, people tend to overlook the important information needed in their lives. According to a new Rasmussen Reports national telephone survey, 87% of American Adults admit that Americans pay  too much attention to celebrity news and not enough attention to news that has real impact on their lives (Rasmussen, Rasmussen Reportsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢). Imagine when the news paper headlines are filled with celebrity topic headlines and the news of stock market are put in a very small column of the newspaper that people hardly recognize. This has happened countless of times especially in newspaper, and it distracts people from the reality of their lives and causes their works to suffer. Elizabeth Farrar, a teacher from a primary school in Scunthorpe in the United Kingdom, said that too many pupils thought that they could become successful in the future by spending times trying to be famous and wealthy via media and that it would be unnecessary to have an academic success. They believe that they are much more likely to achieve financial well-being through celebrity than through progression to higher education and a proper career. (BBC News). Thirdly, keeping eyes on the celebrities is also interference to them. Everyone has the right to have secrets in their lives and keep in their minds, including celebrities. However, celebrities usually have to live their lives with public eyes targeting at them almost all the time. According to an interview with Jessica Biel on a question on how it is like to live in a public eyes Its wonderful to do what I do, but everything that goes with it? Its bizarre. She said, The invasion of privacy is very tough. I am followed all day, every day. Going to the dentist, the cleaners. I guess I could look like sh-t giong to the dentist, but only if I didnt care what I saw in the papers. ( OK! Magazine). Being celebrities would loose the time and opportunity to being herself because they all have to be concerned about how their appearances, choices of words and actions all the time because the media only focus on drawing their spectators and increase their revenue. In such competitive environmen t, celebrities normally would have to live with a lot of stress, and with an addition of paparazzi, press media, and all the public opinions which would become a workload of stress for these stars. Moreover, these media could also impact the celebrities by putting pressures on them to change themselves to be something that people would want to see. For example, Emma Watson, a very well known actor as Hermione in Harry Potter, said that stylists had been trying to put her in mini-skirts to make her look sexy. If I do a photo-shoot people desperately want to change me dye my hair blonder, pluck my eyebrows, give me a fringe. She said, Then theres the choice of clothes. I know everyone wants a picture of me in a mini-skirt. But thats not me. I feel uncomfortable. Id never go out in a mini-skirt. Its nothing to do with protecting the Hermione image. I wouldnt do that. (Sutrathada, The Celebrity Cafe). It can be seen that by putting too much attentions on celebrities could lead to many negative effects. However, sometimes these media sources could give out positive feedbacks to many in the society as well. Firstly, people could have more opportunity of becoming famous from media, rumors, and scandals. Many people try to or were put in a certain circumstance that creates rumors or stories throughout the media and allow them to eventually become well known in the public. For instance, Paris Hilton was originally known as a great-granddaughter of a billionaire Conrad Hilton, the founder of Hilton Hotel, one of the most famous hotels in the world. Then there was a sex tape of Paris Hilton, 1 Night in Paris pornography film released into the media in 2004. This sex tape was one of the top gossip topics of the year, but ended up boosting her fame to become one of the celebrity stars (Morgan, Associated Content). People with talents might also find the surging of media industry as an opportunity to become famous. With a modern technology in the current world, media has become so easily accessible for people including video channels on internet like Youtube and Myspace. Justin Drew Bieber, a v ery popular Canadian singer and actor have become one of the most well known celebrities by uploading his recorded singing performances on Youtube. His popularity on the site kept growing larger and larger until Scooter Braun, an American manager found Justins videos on the site (Dutta, Buzzle Web Portal). This then allowed Justin Bieber to get an opportunity to become a singer and eventually a very famous celebrity. It could be seen that people could become celebrities by using media as a tool that allows them to be well known and eventually a celebrity. Secondly, media organization could also gain benefits from mass producing media relating to celebrities. In yearly basis, media organizations that are based on celebrities, such as celebrity magazine industries could gain large amount of incomes from people. For instance, According to Marketwire in 2006 People Magazine had a circulation of 3.73 million and its revenue was expected to top $1.5 billion on that year (Marketwire). The more celebrity news spread throughout the world, the more money the media would be able to raise because many people have got a celebrity worship syndrome. Thirdly, the media could spread the messages of generous works that celebrities committed to the world as an example for people. Generally celebrities have always been seen as an ideal for people, especially teenagers and kids and set an example for them with their characteristics of being hard workers, diligent, and all good actions they committed like charity involvements. Media then becomes the source to provide these good deeds that celebrities commit throughout their careers via different channel communications; televisions, newspapers, magazines, and etc. This allows the good messages to be sent to an audience and therefore gives out positive effects to the society. For instance, Samuel Dalembert, currently a NBA basketball player of Sacramento Kings in the United States tried his best to give out and provide supports for his hometown Haiti from the chaotic incident that happened in January 2010. Look at me, Im living in a beautiful place. Im blessed to be doing this. But a par t of me said, You can help; you can do more,' he said. He has committed at least $2 millions to donate for Haiti, and since he is a famous basketball player in the United States (Tomasson, AOL News), his fames would provoke the media to take recognition, and automatically spread the news of his actions throughout the world via media, and that people can see his actions. Not only basketball players commit themselves to charity, super stars like Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt also established their own charity organization named Jolie-Pitt Foundation. The Foundation was established in 2006, and the purpose of the organization is to aid people throughout the world. According to Look to the Stars, Jolie-Pitt Foundation has provided aids to people whose lives are in trouble, whether the cases of violences, armed conflict, health care, and many more in nearly 60 countries (Look to the Stars). These good deeds that the celebrities comitted are spread throughout the world through medias, and could  ­motivate people to follow them as examples to help the society. In conclusion, the impact media focusing too much attention on celebrities could have both negative and positive effects. Some audiences waste their times becoming addicted and obsessed with what media is trying to inform about their favorite celebrities, and some celebrities are facing hard time being threatened by media. On the other hand, some people can see an opportunity of becoming a celebrity by using the media, media can also gain some benefits from celebrities, and some celebrities are being a good example for the audiences. While some of their behaviors are not appropriate for audiences, personally I think that there is nothing wrong with consuming media, but all audiences have to be careful not to get too obsessed with them and consider what the media is trying to inform because part of it might contain inappropriate information. Therefore, I think it is crucial to be aware of the contents and messages that the media provides, follow the behaviors of the good celebrities, then learn and stay away from the inappropriate actions.

Investigate whether firelighter, wood, ethanol, paraffin or wax contains the most energy :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Investigate whether firelighter, wood, ethanol, paraffin or wax contains the most energy Energy In Different Fuels Aim: I am going to investigate which fuels contain the most energy between; firelighter, wood, ethanol, paraffin and wax. Prediction: I think that the fuel that contains the most energy is the one that produces the highest rise in temperature of the water. I know this because†¦ Heat + fuel + oxygen => CO2 + H20 + energy. The energy realised is heat and light energy, which is dependent on the chemical potential energy in the fuel. The greater the chemical potential energy the more energy is transferred as heat and light; the greater the rise in temperature. And because of the fire triangle: tri2.gif (22406 bytes) Apparatus: List: Stop watch Thermometer Splint Clamp Matches Boiling tube Heat proof mat Fuels: Firelighter, Wood, Ethanol, Paraffin, Wax. Method (Preliminary test): first of all, I will make sure I take all of the safety precautions, I.e. tie back long hair, use goggles and make sure the room is well ventilated. Secondly I will set out the apparatus and get all the equipment from the list (shown on the previous page). Using the measuring cylinder, I will put 20cm3 of distilled water into a boiling tube, and take the starting temperature. In order to make this a fair test I will burn the fuel for one minute only, use 20cm3 of water and make sure the tip of the fuel’s flame is under the boiling tube. After the minute is up, I will blow out the flame or place the lid of the fuel over it, (cutting off the oxygen). I will then take the finial temperature. Then I will repeat the experiment for the other four fuels, in order to establish which two fuels produced the highest rise in temperature of the water. Method - Comparison: I will then compare these two fuels by heating them until they get to a certain temperature noting down the time every time the temperature increases by 10 °C in order to form a scatter graph using line of best fit. I will use step one and most of step two from the preliminary test (first of all, I will make sure I take all of the safety precautions, I.e. tie back long hair, use goggles and make sure the room is well ventilated. Secondly I will set out the apparatus and get all the equipment from the list (shown on the previous page). Using the measuring cylinder, I will put 20cm3 of distilled water into a boiling tube,) I then heat the water using the first fuel until it rises to 100 °C, noting the time every 10 °C starting from 20 °C.

Cancer: Oncology and Accurate Cause

Cancer Cancer is one of the top causes of death in the world today. Studies show that one in three people will go through some form of cancer in their lifetime. There are various different kinds of cancer that effect different parts of the body. Cancer is treated in many different ways. Some forms of cancer are treatable, and some are not. Cancer usually comes from the development of a tumor. Tumors form in the body when cells are produced without cause. New cells are formed when they are not needed, and they group together to form a tumor.The tumor can be benign, which means that it is non-cancerous, or it can be malignant, which means that it is cancerous. If cells break away from a malignant tumor, they will enter the bloodstream, and spread throughout the body, hurting other parts of the body. Cancer can also appear with no definite cause. However, there are some activities that people participate in, that increase the risk of cancer. Smoking can cause cancer of the lung, mouth, and throat. Alcohol can cause cancer of the mouth, throat, and liver. Also, exposure to radiation and sunlight can cause skin cancer.The accurate cause of cancer still remains a mystery. Cancer can be spotted early on by certain symptoms. As cancer progresses through it’s many stages, it will produce certain symptoms. The symptoms depend on the size and location of the cancer. In some areas, symptoms will not appear until the cancer is very large, making the cancer more difficult to treat. The general symptoms of cancer are fever, an alter of metabolism, fatigue, severe weight loss, weakness and dizziness, blood clots, and sores that don’t heal. There are many different ways of treatment for cancer.Surgery is usually the first choice of most patients. If the cancer is localized, meaning it hasn’t spread, surgery is the best option. The surgeon will remove the tumor and the surrounding tissue. Surgery offers the best chance of a cure. The next method of treatment , which is usually a patient’s second choice, is chemotherapy. This method treats cancer cells that have spread. Chemotherapy is used depending on the type of cancer, and the stage it is in. Chemotherapy specifically treats cancer by injecting strong medicine to a patient, and allowing the drugs to travel throughout the body.The side effects include vomiting, hair loss, infections, and fatigue. The last treatment, which is usually a last resort, is Radiation. It destroys cancer cells, so they don’t multiply. More than one half of people with cancer experience Radiation. Radiation is the process of external high-energy rays or implants inserted near the tumor, eliminating the cancer cells. With all kinds of cancer, there are seven main warning signs. These seven signs found in one person would show that the person may be suffering from some type of cancer, and this person should see a doctor immediately.Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800sThe seven warning signs are a ma jor change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding, thickening or lump in breast, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious changes in wart or mole, and an irritating cough or roughness. Work Cited â€Å"Cancer. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Mar. 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"What Is Cancer? † American Cancer Society. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Genetics and Cancer. American Cancer Society. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Diet and Physical Activity. † American Cancer Society. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. . Weinberg, Robert A. The Biology of Cancer. New York: Garland Science, 2007. Print Nathan, David G. The Cancer Treatment Revolution: How Smart Drugs and Other New Therapies AreRenewing Our Hope and Changing the Face of Medicine. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007. Print.

The 100 Most Important Words in English

The 100 Most Important Words in English This list of important words was drawn up by British rhetorician I.A. Richards, author of several books including Basic English and Its Uses (1943). However, these 100 words are not a part of the simplified version of the language that he and C.K. Ogden called Basic English. Also, were not talking about the 100 most frequently used words in English (a list that contains far more prepositions than nouns). And unlike the 100 words chosen by David Crystal to tell The Story of English, Richards words are primarily significant for their meanings, not their etymologies. Richards introduced his list of words in the book How to Read a Page: A Course in Effective Reading (1942), and he called them the most important words for two reasons: They cover the ideas we can least avoid using, those which are concerned in all that we do as thinking beings.They are words we are forced to use in explaining other words because it is in terms of the ideas they cover that the meanings of other words must be given. Here are those 100 important words: AmountArgumentArtBeBeautifulBeliefCauseCertainChanceChangeClearCommonComparisonConditionConnectionCopyDecisionDegreeDesireDevelopmentDifferentDoEducationEndEventExamplesExistenceExperienceFactFearFeelingFictionForceFormFreeGeneralGetGiveGoodGovernmentHappyHaveHistoryIdeaImportantInterestKnowledgeLawLetLevelLivingLoveMakeMaterialMeasureMindMotionNameNationNaturalNecessaryNormalNumberObservationOppositeOrderOrganizationPartPlacePleasurePossiblePowerProbablePropertyPurposeQualityQuestionReasonRelationRepresentativeRespectResponsibleRightSameSayScienceSeeSeemSenseSignSimpleSocietySortSpecialSubstanceThingThoughtTrueUseWayWiseWordWork All these words carry multiple meanings, and they can say quite different things to different readers. For that reason, Richards list could just as well have been labeled The 100 Most Ambiguous Words: The very usefulness which gives them their importance explains their ambiguity. They are the servants of too many interests to keep to single, clearly defined jobs. Technical words in the sciences are like adzes, planes, gimlets, or razors. A word like experience, or feeling, or true is like a pocketknife. In good hands it will do most things- not very well. In general we will find that the more important a word is, and the more central and necessary its meanings are in our pictures of ourselves and the world, the more ambiguous and possibly deceiving the word will be. In an earlier book, The Making of Meaning (1923), Richards (and co-author C.K. Ogden) had explored the fundamental notion that meaning doesnt reside in words themselves. Rather, meaning is rhetorical: Its fashioned out of both a verbal context (the words surrounding the words) and the experiences of the individual reader. No surprise, then, that miscommunication is often the result when the important words come into play. Its this idea of miscommunicating through language that led Richards to conclude that all of us are developing our reading skills all the time: Whenever we use words in forming some judgment or decision, we are, in what may be a painfully sharp sense, learning to read (How to Read a Page.) There are actually 103 words on Richards top-100 list. The bonus words, he said, are meant to incite the reader to the task of cutting out those he sees no point in and adding any he pleases, and to discourage the notion that there is anything sacrosanct about a hundred, or any other number. Your List So with those thoughts in mind, its now time to create a list of what you think are the most important words. Sources Crystal, David.  The Story of English.  St. Martins Press, 2012, New York.Richards, I.A.  Basic English  and  Its Uses. W.W. Norton Co., 1943, New York. Richards, I.A. How to Read a Page: A Course in Effective Reading. Beacon Press, 1942, Boston.Ogden, C.K. and Richards, I.A. The Making of Meaning.  Harcourt, 1923, New York.

How to Write a Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000

How to Write a Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000 What do bathrooms, bad breath, and stinky political candidates have in common? Apparently an ability to drive $100,000,000 in sales. Don’t believe me? It’s true. Those numbers come from video ads an agency called the Harmon Brothers  created for some brands that have great products- but deal with topics which can prove a bit tough for marketers. After all, marketing things like bathroom hygiene products and a candidate during an incendiary political season is no easy feat. However, the goal of marketing remains the same: content that converts an audience into advocates. Advocates into customers. And customers into raving evangelists who write us haikus. ^ You think I’m kidding about the poetry? Nope. Whether this content is a blog post, an ad, or an email campaign  makes no difference. What matters is the goal is always the same. The good news is the path to video marketing success can look more like the festival of colors  than suit-and-tie professionalism. And in this post we’re going to explore that path by diving deep into one of the aforementioned ads by the Harmon Brothers- whom I call the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ogilvys of irreverent video marketing.† Not only have their videos driven the aforementioned $100,000,000 in sales. But they also evoke uncommon responses from viewers. For example, when was the last time you saw people reacting like this to YouTube pre-roll ads? Or like this†¦ Or this†¦ Or my personal favorite Not bad, eh? Grab Your Free Video Script Writing Template Bundle Today, I’m going to show you how to write a video script patterned after the exact videos that inspired the above comments- and millions of purchases. You’re going to: See how you can get off to a painless start in your scriptwriting project with a free Microsoft Word video script template. Learn how to score the strength of your video script before you even shoot the first scene with our script scorecard tool. Get four annotated, line-by-line script samples of four hyper-successful ads with a script swipe file. Before you read on, grab your free kit with each of those free resources inside. You’ll definitely want to follow along, as we’ll be using them throughout the post. Got ‘em? Great. Now, let’s get in on this 💠©Ã‚  and crank out strings of killer marketing videos. How To Write A Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000 (Free Kit)The 5 Conversion Levers of Video Marketing I’ve been a fan of the Harmon Brothers’ work for awhile now. So when I set out to write better video scripts, their work was top of mind. I studied their ads and transcribed their scripts line-by-line. I analyzed their structure, flow, and affect. Nerdy- but helpful. As I did this, five patterns emerged- which I call the Five Conversion Levers. (If you’ve ever studied sales or direct response copywriting,  some of the persuasion tactics, like social proof, will be familiar.) So let’s overview them, then analyze a video ad. Recommended Reading: 16 Video Marketing Tips That Will Skyrocket Your Traffic These 5 Conversion Levers For Writing Video Scripts Are ... Pain and Promise Pain and promise clearly articulates your audience’s problem and then offers a compelling solution. (Hint: This will be a benefit your product or service.) This isn’t a revolutionary idea, but it is a great one-two punch. To use this lever well, focus on a â€Å"before/after† effect.Relate with your audience’s current experience, and then forecast what life will be like after your solution. This is also an excellent way to capitalize on searcher intent. This is a concept in keyword research where you’re inferring the problem a searcher is trying to solve via their search. Even if your video content is an ad, the hope is it will be shown with related content. Comparison Comparison just may be my favorite lever. This tactic uses the unsung heroes of marketing, metaphor and relatability, to do two things: Quickly connect with your audience Communicate your premise with them Another way to express this device is by using this formula: â€Å"It’s like [commonly understood topic] for [audience/problem]!† As an example, if I was writing a video script to advertise , I may say: â€Å"It’s like pressing the easy button for getting tons more traffic to your content!† Right away, the idea of Staples’ famous â€Å"Easy Button† is conjured and then applied to the problem my audience is trying to solve. Then, I can use the rest of the devices to substantiate this claim As another example, if I was promoting our Marketing Strategy Certification  for one of our courses, I could say: â€Å"It’s like Shark Tank for marketers!† Okay, I’d better stop. I really like these. Authority Authority is tried-and-true. And it makes the list because it works. The idea is appealing to an authority of some kind to further legitimize or prove your claims. Sort of a, â€Å"Don’t believe me? Well, Albert Einstein said it first!† The legitimate authorities to appeal to are: experts, contextualized data to tell a story, social proof, testimonials, and demonstration. (Note: If you’re a persuasion nerd, understand this is unlike the logical fallacy of appealing to authority.)‘Nuff said 👊 Entertainment Here’s the thing†¦ Yes your company’s bottom line is serious business. However, people like to have fun- even in so-called boring verticals. So if you can find and harness your product’s or service’s â€Å"fun† factor, you’re leagues ahead of the competition.This is a risk. But if you nail it, it can pay dividends. However, what if humor or high-energy vibes are wrong for your product or brand?For instance, what if you run marketing for a home security company?I don’t know about you, but I’m interested in a home security system that seriously works! I don’t need it to entertain me. So, if this is your product, service, or brand the portable concept is engaging. What’s the angle that will engross your audience? A great way to think about this is in a movie-genre paradigm. Not every movie is a comedy. We have dramas, thrillers, action movies, and the list goes on.No genre is outright better than the other. Instead, it’s about the story.So whether humor is the right move or not, discern the engrossing elements of your product or service, then bring it to the surface. Call-to-action (CTA) Yep- it’s the same â€Å"CTA† you always hear about. But, it’s too important to exclude and take for granted.No matter how elementary it may seem, a clear CTA is a fundamental component to a successful script.Though, we’ll tackle this common marketing trope from a different angle than business-as-usual. The five conversion levers you need to know for #video #marketing success are ...How To Write A Video Script Using The 5 Conversion Levers In the section below, we’re going to analyze and score one of the Harmon Brothers’ most popular ads. This way, we can see each conversion lever at work. Then we’ll discuss how we can use them in our video marketing, too. Now saddle up and make sure you’re in a place where you can LOL†¦ Because these ads are as hilarious as they are brilliant. The Unicorn Of Marketing Videos As I said above, the Harmon Brothers’ video ads generated over $100,000,000 in sales- and that’s just in 2016! Numbers like that should make you quick to attune your marketing antennae and see what they’re doing that works so well. You’re going to find the video (watch it first!), some relevant stats, a script score with explanation, and a structural analysis. Then, we’ll uncover how we can follow suit and put the same methods to our madness†¦ Or maybe madness to our methods? Either way, let’s get rockin’. Squatty Potty: Everyone Loves A Bathroom Joke- Few Can Sell With Them We’re going to study the infamously funny ad for the Squatty Potty. Sure, I could describe the tricky product the agency was tasked with advertising. But I’ll let the unicorn do it instead 🠦„🠍 ¦Ã°Å¸Å'ˆ Let me start by saying this ad spawned a toy  people actually buy. I mean, c’mon. When faced with such a sensitive topic, it’d be easy default to the sterile, science-y route. It’d be safe to have a doctor in a labcoat talk through the benefits of gastrointestinal health whilst tossing up some facts and figures. But not these guys. They tackled this unmentionable issue head on- and to incredible results. In total, this video has garnered over 150,000,000 cross-channel views and a whopping 1,500,000 social shares. On YouTube alone it’s been watched the equivalent of 97 years and shared over 700,000 times. That’s incredible traction. Pro Tip:  You can see the stats of nearly any YouTube video by simply clicking on the â€Å"More† tab below the video, then selecting â€Å"Statistics.† This will generate a chart like the one above. Check it out: Now, let’s demystify some of the magic that makes this video work. We’ll start with their script score. Conversion-Levers Script Scorecard Pain + Promise Score: 5 They continually highlighted the viewer’s current problem, then clearly articulated their product as the easy, breezy, and inexpensive solution. One of the clearest examples is the use of â€Å"before/after.† Or as the good prince says: â€Å"Kink, unkink. Kink, unkink.† At the 1:20 mark, they show a side-by-side with the viewer’s current pain displayed on the left (before) and the solution displayed on the right (after). Comparison Score: 5 Their use of metaphor is superb. From the moment the video begins, the ice-cream-ejecting unicorn is assumes the position of the product’s user. This allows the viewer to see him- or herself using the product in a somewhat charming- rather than nasty- way. It’s a funny, memorable way to explain the product. This is one â€Å"sticky† ad. (Okay, no more puns.) In their book, Made to Stick, Chip and Dan Heath explain that for an idea (or ad) to stick: It must be easily understood when people hear it. The idea must persist over time and stay with them. And it must change something about how people think or act. This use of the comparison lever certainly accomplishes each. Authority Score: 5 They leveraged authority on four levels in this video: Demonstration Experts Social proof Testimonial Throughout the video, the unicorn is acting as an animated Vanna White  by showing how the product works. It’s a visual demonstration showing the â€Å"science† of why you can trust this product to work. Then, at the 1:53 mark, we see an appeal to experts who apparently endorse the product: Then, about 10 seconds later, we see an example of social proof: The product’s authority is consistently reinforced by credible sources. This is a powerful setup for the CTAs. Entertainment Score: 5 This is the most subjective criterion on this scorecard. However, if you can combine entertainment and  substance, you can crush humdrum competitors with ease. To me, this is the most entertaining ad I’ve ever seen. It tells a story, has a jaw-dropping shock value, and it’s just plain funny. This video harnesses the â€Å"fun† factor of their product. Yes, it solves a universally human problem. But to talk about- and illustrate- it with such cheekiness and charm is where this ad shines. And honestly, I will never forget this image. Ever. Yep. Ice cream will never be the same. Call-to-Action Score: 4 Finally, we have the marketing linchpin: the call-to-action. Without a solid CTA ads are pretty much worthless. In this video, they do a nice job of building up to the CTAs. Without a solid CTA, ads are pretty much worthless.As you’ll see in the structural analysis below, they have two explicit opportunities for the viewer to act. Each is clear, succinct, and compelling. Technically there is a lingering CTA with the â€Å"SquattyPotty.com† button hanging out in the upper-right of the video frame. To strengthen this score, I think they could have included a third, softer CTA that was a quip about price. Something like: â€Å"And $25 isn’t bad for something you use more than your toaster.† (Not great. But you get the point.) In all, though, I thought the two CTAs were solid and compelling. Recommended Reading: How to Write a Call to Action in a Template With 6 Examples Total Overall Score: 24/25 There we have it- a killer score for what will become a legendary marketing video. Structural Analysis Now, let’s take a look at the bones of this video and see where each lever is pulled and how they work together. We’ve broken down the video’s components into a timeline for quick analysis: The big moments are the â€Å"product introduction† and of course the CTAs. The product introduction is the moment when the product (or service) is first introduced. (^I know†¦ A bit obvious.) A couple of points here. First, notice the Squatty Potty itself was introduced roughly 30 percent into the video. It wasn’t explicitly talked about first thing. This is important. Instead, the first third of the video was dedicated to establishing the â€Å"sticky† metaphor and highlighting the viewer’s pain. This makes the video relevant and  relatable. Then, once the pain is clearly outlined, we’re set up with a classic marketing promise that boils down to: â€Å"But what if I told you there’s a better way!† Second, observe that the next 30 percent of the video is dedicated to digging even further into the viewer’s problems. When you read this video’s script (included in your kit inside the swipe file) it’s helpful to see the structure they employ. They walk through the product’s benefits  line-by-line, explicitly relating them to the viewer’s life as a solution to their problem. This is a powerful copywriting device  described  by Brian Clark, founder of Copyblogger, as: â€Å"One of the most repeated rules of compelling copy is to stress benefits, not features.† They adopt a â€Å"[Viewer’s pain] [Product’s benefit that solves this pain†¦]† schema. This way every benefit is given context within the viewer’s daily experience. (When you read the script, count how many couplets you find. Then ask yourself if you can tie your product/service’s benefits directly to your audience’s pain.) Recommended Reading: How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy to Boost Your New Series How To Write A Winning Video Script Here’s the kicker. It’s always easier said- or shown- than done, right? Trying to implement new tactics can feel like falling prey to a Pinterest fail. (Source: BoredPanda) So we’re going to walk through each resource in your kit and put these principles into practice. This way we hit everything from project management to implementing the conversion levers to getting ultra-inspired. How To Manage A Scriptwriting Project What do you call it when a blueprint and a military general have a baby? A script. Marketing videos can have quite a few steps and stages. But the lifeblood of any great advertisement is the script. It details exactly what’s going to be said, what it’s going to look and sound like, and how everything will keen in sync. This is where the free Word script template comes in. It’s the file named â€Å"Marketing_Video_Script_Template† in your kit. It looks like this: It’s divided vertically into two columns. The left-hand column is for visual direction such as graphics, cuts, and actions. The right-hand column is for the lines (narration, dialogue, etc.), music direction, and sound effects. Those are a lot of details to manage and keep lined up on paper. But by using a column-based approach, you can keep everything organized and in line. However, the most important part is nailing the content and execution of the project itself. So, I’m going to walk you through how to use to manage a scriptwriting project. The tools we will use are and Google Docs  (or Microsoft Word!). (Btw: snag a free trial  to to follow along if you don’t already have an account!) The lifeblood of any ad is the script.Getting Started The Easy Way When you’re writing a video marketing script, you’re creating much more than a blog post. You’re drafting a battle plan for an entire team to execute on. I’ve managed this process on everything from napkins to whiteboards to apps, but I’ll share my favorite way to do this and keep it within our entire content marketing environment. To begin, make sure you create a brand new project by clicking on the â€Å"+† icon after you’ve logged in to your calendar. Once you start a new project, you’ll be prompted to choose the content type. I like to think long-term on projects with multiple phases. So I’m going to create a new â€Å"Video† project. Even though we’ll be focusing on the script right now, this sets us up for fantastic social video promotion  and analytics  for campaign optimization later. Now we hop into the details. Give your project a title (our headline analyzer  hates me, in this example) and then we’ll start assigning tasks. Let’s say the first sprint of our scriptwriting project has five major steps we want to get moving on immediately: Ideation Storyboarding Drafting Scoring Revision To start, I’ll simply add each of those as a â€Å"Task† and then assign it a person and a due date. Automatically, the assignee will receive a notification they have work to do (and they’ll see the deadline, too). Now our script document (or your template) enters the picture. You will choose how to edit your script content. In this instance, I’m going to use Google Docs. Though you can use a Word Doc and share the file back-and-forth if you’d like. (Here are the directions  on how to convert the Word Doc template into a Google Doc.) I’ll choose â€Å"Google Docs† as the content editor. Then, I will see a dialog that asks me to choose the document. I selected the â€Å"Marketing_Video_Script_Template† document. This means that all of the writing, commenting, and editing can be done in that single document. The nifty part is that will keep all of the aspects of project, task, and document management in a single dashboard. So each time you need to access the working script file, simply click on the link in the content project. Then you can simply assign tasks to each additional team member who will be working on (or reviewing) the video script. Recommended Reading: How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way How To Score Your Script Now that you have the tracks laid, it’s time to get the train chugging along. Before you or a team member draft a word of your video script, open up the file from your free kit called the â€Å"Conversion_Levers_Script_Scoring_Tool.† This is the scorecard you’ll use to grade the strength of your script. It looks like this: However, instead of writing the script first and then scoring it, I recommend finding the angles for each of them first. In essence, treat each point as a question about your product or service and then answer it. Those answers will then provide the beginnings of an outline for you. By moving this phase to the beginning of your process, you’re mining the raw materials you need to write a masterful marketing script. Here’s how to do this. Structure each lever as a question about your audience, like this: Chances are, you can take this exercise much further for your specific audience than I just did. So use those questions as a jumping point. But when you have each lever accounted for, you can start pulling them! If you start here, it will catapult both the effectiveness and  efficiency of your scriptwriting process. And as a bonus, the best way to do this is to answer these questions as a team. Heck, why not use it as an excuse to get sales and marketing together and let the fireworks fly? Then, after you’ve written the first draft of your script, swoop in with your red pen and score your work. You’ll give yourself a grade of 1–5 for each lever. Then the genius-brain inside of Excel will automatically calculate your script’s overall score. To start, aim for a score of 4+ on each- and settle for nothing less than a score of 18+. The final benefit to this process is you’ll know exactly where your script is weak. This way you don’t face the problem of knowing your script stinks, but not knowing how to fix it! I’ve been there†¦ And it’s no fun :)

Effectiveness of Talent Management in the field of Human resource Research Proposal

Effectiveness of Talent Management in the field of Human resource - Research Proposal Example According toPhillips & Gull (2012), training key employees should be top priority for the Human resource department. Boudreau & Ramstad (2005) found that organizations that have put deliberate measures to identify high potential employees are seven times more effective in delivering results. This shows the importance and relevance of knowing how to identify, manage, develop and reward talent in human resource studies. Organizations realize that they must have top talents for their success.Becker & Ulrich (2001) found that the best practices being adopted include aligning the talent strategy with the business strategy. A business strategy must always drive the talent needed. The second is that competence should be a basis for succession, hiring, and promotions and finally the third practice is putting the right people in the right jobs. Sometimes hiring the right skills is more efficient than developing those skills. The relevant professional experience in talent management in human r esource is having a degree in human resource or a masters and having been involved in human resource for not less than five years to augment productivity and ability to develop employees for management and talent creation in a firm.

Is health care a right or privlege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is health care a right or privlege - Essay Example Getting good healthcare is not possible for everyone as you need a background of money for that, but every individual has a right to an average rated healthcare. These people are not asking for the best, they just want somebody to help cure them and help them live a little longer. In America 20 per cent of the people are below the poverty level which means that they can not afford to pay for health insurance or for any other medical expenditure incurred by them. This level of poverty shows that one out of every six children goes to bed hungry. The government to solve this problem of health care can allocate a bigger portion of the budget for this service and especially help those people out who are in dire need of it. Another approach that can be used to provide proper heath care is to take it as a personal responsibility. If every individual himself starts living healthy by eating the right diet and causing less of self harm by smoking cigarettes and drinking less alcohol, it would make things much easier. It is not just the government or the doctors who are responsible for health it is every individual. (Christopher et. al, 2004) People who belong to different social strata hold differing opinions about health care. Health care is directly related to the amount of money a person has. The richer you are the more you are concerned about your health. While people who belong to the lower income groups are not really bothered and will not take precautionary steps to reduce the risk of getting sick. In America there are 45 million people who do not have health insurance. (Papadimos, 2007) Aristotle believed that anything that has a soul displays life. The body can grow, decay and provide itself with nutrition while the soul has powers of sensation, thinking and motivation. According to Aristotle, "If the whole body was one vast eye, sight would be it soul. As the eye is a tool for seeing with, but a living tool which is part of ourselves, so the body is like a tool or instrument for living with. Hence we may say of the soul that it is the 'end' of the body, the activity to which the body is instrumental, as seeing the 'end' to which the eye is instrumental." (Papadimos, 2007) What Aristotle is trying to say is that for the soul to be nourished, health care needs to be provided to individuals so that they can grow to their fullest extent. According to Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), man would eventually realize the things that are needed to preserve life. He gives us the law of nature which says, "A law of nature (lex naturalis) is a precept or general rule, found out by reason, by which a man is forbidden to do that which is destructive of his life or taketh away the means of preserving the same, and to omit that by which he thinketh it may be best preserved." (Papadimos, 2007) Basically he said that every human being has a right to anything he wants, even if it is another human's body. He considers three aspects: seeking peace, laying down the right of nature and making covenants, and performance of covenants. By seeking peace he means that if an individual has a problem such as a hearing defect then seeking peace

Community Safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Community Safety - Assignment Example These authorities are responsible for different areas and premises. They include the fire and safety authority operating in areas of residence, the Health and Safety Executive who is responsible for areas of the Navy and other such areas, local authorities and finally any fire inspectors or fire services maintained by the Secretary of Defense. All of these are the enforcing authorities for the fire safety of the community ("The regulatory reform," 2005). One authority alone however, cannot deal with an issue as huge as community safety. When dealing with projects as large as the one of reducing incidence of fires amongst a whole community of immigrant workers, a partnership between different agencies and authorities is important. This is because different authorities and agencies have access to different parts of the community, and have control over different aspects of the lives of the people. The police department is one, which may assist this authority from time to time. The polic e could do this by reinforcing the law pertaining to smoke detectors. In the US, it is illegal to deactivate a fire alarm in one’s home. Deactivation of this alarm can lead to heavy fines, since it poses a serious threat for the dwellers of the household. This implies that there is an important role the police can play in the reducing the risk of fire-related incidents. To do this, they could follow cases of reported fires where smoke detectors were not present to indicate the fire on time. To the people involved in such a fire, the police could issue warnings of heavy fines or punishment for not having had properly functioning smoke detectors. This would ensure that these citizens would heed the advice to keep properly functioning smoke detectors, thus reducing the incidence of fires, which the fire brigades could not stop on time due to absence of smoke detectors. One can sought out other parties that can be helpful in reducing the incidents through evaluation of the situat ion for its causes. This is possible through a problem-oriented approach. The situation involves immigrant workers who live in rented accommodation, and do not have smoke detectors or the proper education when it comes to safety from fire. So when helping these people to prevent fires, one can pin down several root causes for when these people experience fires in their living quarters. Firstly, they live in rented space, for which they are not responsible. Thus, they do not deem themselves liable to arrange for smoke detectors. Then, they may not be aware of the importance or necessity of smoke detectors in ones living quarters. In addition, they may not be aware of the basic procedures for prevention from fire hazards, since they may not have learned about them from the country they have migrated. Thus to remedy all these problems, the relevant authorities must be included in the solution. As far as the rent-tenant problem is concerned, the authority concerned with tenant-landlord laws must make the tenants aware the property owner is legally bound to provide them with a safe, health hazard-free living environment. The fire department should ensure that smoke detectors are available to any citizen who wishes to get them. Emergency healthcare services and immigration authorities should collaborate to ensure a final, very important factor. This is that each person who receives the permission to immigrate to the country is given a

Professional Communication at the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Professional Communication at the Workplace Essay Interpersonal communication is essentially the exchange of communication between one person(s) and another. Like any other form of communication, interpersonal communication involves the sender of the message and the recipient of the message. The message can only be passed correctly if both the sender and the recipient pass it correctly and understand each other. I work for a voluntary group at the University. This group aims at reaching out to the less fortunate both in the institution and the society generally. We do not offer financial help as such but instead focus on the abilities of the people we interact with and give them the necessary counsel and advice they need. In this way, we give them ideas on how they can actually help themselves out financially. This organization involves a lot of interaction, both within ourselves as the members of the organization and also between us and the people we interact with. As such there is a lot of interpersonal communication that goes on. The group consists of a total of ten members, and as they say, we are like our fingers; we come in different sizes and lengths, not literally but in terms of age, personalities, gender, culture, spiritual orientation and physical abilities and disabilities. This whole structure of diversity makes communication, particularly interpersonal communication, an issue worth debate. This is because the way we choose to communicate within ourselves and others is bound to affect our service delivery either positively or n egatively. The following part of the paper will critically analyze each of these factors mentioned above that makes us diverse in our communication, interpersonal communication.CITATION Joh12 p 56 l 1033 (Johnson, 2012, p. 56)Age The voluntary group I work for is extremely diversified when it comes to age, with members from the extreme sides of the age spectrum. The oldest member in the group is aged forty seven, while the youngest is seventeen. Most of the members, about seventy percent, are aged between seventeen and twenty five. The main reason behind this is the fact that the organization requires the participation of both the old and young. For instance, the young and vibrant group, which forms the majority of the group, is required to move up and down and interact with the people we look forward to offering our help to. The older group is mostly involved ion critically analyzing our case studies and give direction on the best way forward. It is therefore not easy to hold a conversation between these two groups that are different in terms of age. For instance, young people will always base their ideas on what social media says. They will go with current trends since that are what they are familiar with a nd immediately make a decision. The older group will look at trends on a more historical point of view and analyze historical events in relation to the topic of discussion before coming up with a remedy. The young members, moreover, communicate with a lot of slang because as much as this organization is based on official business, it is also a social and interactive group as well. This way, the message at times is not passed effectively from one person(s) to another. The consequence of this communication gap is that the goals of the organizations are not at all times met and therefore efficiency is not achieved as well.CITATION Ric01 p 76 l 1033 (Pircadi, 2001, p. 76)Perceived Emotions, Relationships and Personality Our personalities define us. We have different personalities just as we are different in other aspects of our lives. The personality of a person is one thing that psychologists have proved beyond reasonable doubt that is very difficult to change. The personalities of a person will most of the time dictate the way in which they communicate. Some people are introverts and as such they tend to keep to themselves. They listen more than they speak. They think more and learn more from their surrounding and the people around them. Others are outspoken and will speak more. They express themselves through speech. The relationship between or among people also influences communication. CITATION Joh12 l 1033 (Johnson, 2012)This I have witnessed in my voluntary work group. People tend to open up to those they are close with and give less details to the people they are not that close to. One’s family tends to know them better because of the blood relationship that exists as compared to outs iders. Finally, people perceive and express their emotions very differently. Jerry, a member of my voluntary group tends to hide his low moments in smiles. It is therefore not easy to tell what he is going through. I, on the other hand will always show it. I have no way to hide and it is communicated through my emotions. The way we react to how we feel will determine the way we communicate. There are those of us like Jerry who will drown our sorrows in smiles and those like me who will communicate it just as it is. It is therefore very clear that we communicate our emotions very differently and this goes way back to our personalities.CITATION Joh02 p 94 l 1033 (Gray, 2002, p. 94)Spiritual Orientation The world is composed of people with very diverse spiritual backgrounds. Spiritual background forms the foundation of the life of a person. More often than not, the behavior of a person is well explained by their religious beliefs. This is also the case with communication most of the time. Spiritual diversity will create diversity in speech and in communication generally. For instance, Moslems do not shake hands as a sign of greeting. Their greetings are always in form of speech. This is unlike other religions where people are allowed to shake hands casually and even hug. People from strong religious backgrounds and those with high faith are also very cautious with their speech. They tend to taste their words before they spit them out, that is, they are sensitive in their speech so as not to hurt others. The voluntary group that I work with, or rather that I work for has all Christians but one Moslem, Rahima Nassir. She, in one way or another, communicates in a different way from the rest. Most of the time, she refers to the Allah, who is the Supreme Being according to her religion. This happens especially in cases where she tries to sound optimistic and give a hopeless situation hope. The voluntary group involves a lot of interaction and therefore we have to be warm as we interact with others. This is at times not very easy to achieve owing to the fact that some religious beliefs have certain strains. Rahima is not the only one that faces such challenges. Even along the Christian front, there are various denominations which uphold different values. These values make the approach to various situations very differently. CITATION Gai10 p 104 l 1033 (Forey, 2010, p. 104)Gender The gender of a person also affects communication, particularly interpersonal communication. The female species has a different way of passing a message from the male species. One thing I love the most about my voluntary group is that we are balanced when it comes to gender. Out of a group of ten, we have five ladies and five gentlemen. This gives a ratio of one to one. However, this gender difference can at timers be a major setback in terms of communication. The Ladies, for instance would like to be addressed in a more soft way even when it comes to simple aspects such as greetings. Important to note is that communication does not involve only speech, there is verbal and non-verbal communication, all of which should be considered. Throughout the time that I spend with members of my organization, I have observed that men and women have very different modes and methods of communication. Most of the time, male members are very radical in their speech as well as their illustrations. La dies have a different approach. They, more often than not, are very soft both in their speech and illustrations. It is for this reason that they (ladies) are extremely cautious in their speech. I also noted that the men speak fewer words as compared to the ladies. Ladies speak more, except in a few instances.CITATION Mar09 p 85 l 1033 (Gufey, 2009, p. 85)Person with Disability They say disability is not inability. However, this part of the paper will view disability as a hindrance to communication to an extent. People with disabilities, physical disabilities for that matter, face a lot of challenges when it comes to passing a message effectively. This bottleneck is faced by not only the sender of the message but the recipient as well. The voluntary group that I work for or rather the members of the group that I work with experiences such challenges. In the group, there are two people with physical disabilities. Jerry is a deaf while Geoffrey is visually impaired. Of the two, I think Geoffrey has the most difficult time when it comes to communication. For one reason or the other, Geoffrey happened to be the secretary of the organization at some point in time. He therefore took minutes during meetings and did all the secretarial work. This position, I can say he deserved. Geoffrey is very brilliant besides being very diligent in his work. The main challenge that group faced was the translation of the brail recorded minutes. No one in the group understood brail language apart from Geoffrey himself. He was the only one that could read and understand the minutes. Consequently, he had to step down as secretary after a fortnight of good leadership. Jerry on the other hand, cannot communicate easily and effectively. As a matter of facts, he is most of the time misunderstood and the group experiences a lot of instances with miscommunication. Sign language is not that easy to understand. This impacts negatively on the communication in the organization. Both Jerry and the rest of the members have a hard time in communicating. The importance of both Geoffrey and Jerry in the group can never be underestimated but then at times the challenges effective communication a tall order.CITATION Per08 p 119 l 1033 (Mcintosh, 2008, p. 119)Culture Culture is a very important aspect that should be put into consideration when it comes to effective communication. The culture of a member or members of a group determines how the message is conveyed and it also determines how the message is perceived. Culture affects communication to a very great extent simply because the culture of a person will dictate their style of communication. This means that the more diverse the cultures are, the more diverse their styles of communication. Though to a small extent, there is cultural diversity in our voluntary group. In essence we have people from diverse cultural group. For matters of convenience, I will describe the cultural diversity as high culture and low culture, not that any culture is more superior to another, but for explanatory purposes. For instance, Evelyn, the group’s organizing secretary, is from the high culture. This category mainly focuses their communication on arts and by arts I mean it is more of music, drama et cet era. This category will therefore involve people with a very high esteem since for one to be able to express themselves through arts; they have to be extremely bold, just typical of Evelyn. On the contrary, the low culture category involves large audiences. A good illustration of how culture can affect communication is that in some cultures for instance, it is very vital to maintain eye contact during communication while in others; eye contact can be seen as offensive and unacceptable. Barry, the chairman of our voluntary group and Miley, our secretary are most of the time caught up in such a situation due to their religious differences.CITATION Jos14 p 92 l 1033 (Chesobro, 2014, p. 92)Conclusion and Recommendations With over seven billion people in the world, it is expected that people will differ in relation to various aspects of life. Even people from the same family, people with the same cultures, same religious beliefs and people from the same age group will at one point or the other differ. Communication, on the other is also very important. Each and everything we do revolves around communication. No man is an island. This simply means we have to live harmoniously with each other. For this reason, communication is very important. This paper has not focused on intrapersonal communication but interpersonal communication since this is the way we interact with each other in our work places. Without effective interpersonal communication at our work places, it almost difficult to make any social and economic progress. However, I have learnt from my work experiences at my voluntary group that diversities will always be there, they are there to stay. These are some aspects of life that we should a ccept them just in the way they come. We can never be the same. It is therefore very important to understand and embrace each of our diversities, placing our differences aside. From my own case study it is clear that communication is very important. It is equally clear that challenges must arise due to the diversities in various life aspects. Therefore, from my own experience, I would recommend that we respect the fact that we are not and can never be the same but try as well to burn any bridges that might exist as a result of the differences amongst us. We are one and shall always be one, despite our differences. Let us let communication to make us and not break us. References 1033 Avery, C. (2001). The Flexible Workplace. New York: New York University Press. Chesobro, J. (2014). Professional Communication at the Workplace. New York: New York University Press. Eunson, B. (2009). Communication in the Workplace. New York: Edgeworth Publishers. Forey, G. (2010). Globalization, Communication in the Workplace. Oxford University Press. Gray, J. (2002). Mars and Venus in the Workplace. Oxford University Press. Gufey, M. E. (2009). Essentials of Business Communication. New York: New York University Press. Johnson, J. (2012). Solving Problems in Technical Communication. Oxford University Press. Mcintosh, P. (2008). Interpersonal Communication In The Workplace. New York : New York University Press. Muema, T. (2007). Effects of Poor Communication in the Workplace. Miley and Sons Publishers. Pircadi, R. (2001). Skills of Workplace Communication. New York: New York University Press. Source document